Wednesday, July 14, 2021

Keeping President McVey in Kentucky

A century ago this month, the University of Kentucky nearly lost its president.  Having been in Kentucky less than four years, Frank LeRond McVey had to make a tough decision in July, 1921.  The University of Missouri made the nationally recognized president with a Yale Ph.D. a very enticing offer to become their next president.  

In his biography of McVey (Frank LeRond McVey and the University of Kentucky: A Progressive President and the Modernization of a Southern University, University Press of Kentucky, 2011) Eric Moyen notes that, "News of the (Missouri) job offer shocked many in Kentucky, and they expressed their fears in the local papers as McVey contemplated a move to Columbia.  A deluge of telegrams and letters, along with numerous editorials and resolutions, revealed the immense respect and popularity McVey had earned...in Lexington."

The Louisville Times editorialized that, "Under his (McVey's) hand the University has broadened and strengthened, and if he stands by his task it will someday be an institution which will be of more value to the state than all of the fustian, outworn tommyrot about horses, women, manors and hospitality."  A meeting of university professors unanimously issued a letter begging McVey "not to embarrass Kentucky by leaving" and pledging their "hearty support and cooperation."

President Frank LeRond McVey

Apparently UK intended to match any salary offered by Missouri.  And fortunately for Kentucky, Mabel McVey, the president's spouse, was less that keen on relocating to Missouri.  Learning that Frank has reservations about the president's home in Missouri, Mabel wrote, "I shouldn't worry about Missouri if I were you - Certainly if they expect their president to live in a hole of a house the job is a hole of a job."

Thanks to Eric Moyen's superb biography of McVey, we know that his twenty-two years as UK's president were some of the most important years in UK's long history.  He is recognized to this day as one of UK's greatest presidents.  We should still be glad that he chose a century ago to remain in the Bluegrass. 

Monday, April 26, 2021

TO MARRY OR NOT TO MARRY? (April is National Poetry Month)

 

        To marry or not to marry became a major theme among UK women in the 1920's and 1930's. Must one choose between marriage and career? At the time most women could not have both. The issue of marriage became a subject that many women expressed their feelings about through poems.

Old Maid (1925)
Sarah Litsey

“She caught at life with far too fragile hands.
Being well versed in patience such as hers
It managed to evade her mild demands.
Pleasurable martyrdom which sometimes slurs.
Across the prickly edge of torn conceit
Guarded her vanity. Small duties done
Rounded her hours and made each day complete.
Her life went out in dribbles. One by one
She laid the passionless, pale days aside.
Then she adopted a thin, scraggly boy;
And all the neighbors wondered when she died
If he had been a duty or a joy.
Now he is tall and gay and rather brave,
and once each year sends flowers to her grave.”


Spinsterhood (1932)
Anonymous

“I am a book of one volume,
Pocket edition, and easy to carry around.
Yet I remain quietly upon my dutiful shelf.
But if you care to dip within my neat covers
You will find surprising things-
Great hopes, gay laughter, cruel disappointment,
And all the back and forth, that saws a heart in two.”


Misunderstood (1931)
Anonymous

I sit with the sick,
I comfort the dying-
Men look at me, and do not see.
They think I'm shy!
They cannot know that long ago
Out of a book a Knight came riding by.

These men about me
Are fat men, thin men;
They sweat in summer time.
They sell socks and ties,
And gasoline and groceries,
And have not words to charm my heart.

When I am dead.
They will write upon my tomb;
"She never know [sic] love"-
And will not guess
I loved myself too well to share
My own exquisiteness
With less than Lochinvar.

So I make pretense
And send abroad another self
To gossip with the world.
I sit with the sick,
I comfort the dying,
And men look at me and say:
"Pity, she never married."

        Yet, even if they chose to marry some women were unsure about the eventuality of such a union. Kathryn Myrick wrote in 1931:

Marriage
Kathryn Myrick

And then you asked, "How long will you love me?"
And in a low, choked voice I answered dutifully, "Forever,"
But even as I spoke I knew I lied.
"Forever" is too long a time for love.
Love is sharp and bright,
Love is youth and smiling eyes,
Who hums a haunting little tune
As he strolls along.
He stops only one hour
To gather fragrant blossoms to wear in his golden hair.

        Moreover, some women realized that marriage was not just about love, but about their personal freedom. Anne Luxon, a recent UK graduate, expressed her feelings in 1932:

Freedom
Anne Luxon

My husband has left me.
At last I can
Listen to the rain on the roof,
Or sit up in bed
And watch the moon.
My husband has left me.
I ought to be sad.

From Our Rightful Place: Women at the University of Kentucky, 1880-1945 (University Press of Kentucky) 2020


Tuesday, April 20, 2021

WHO'S WATCHING THE SPIES - WALTER MONDALE (1928-2021)

Former United States Senator and Vice President Walter "Fritz" Mondale (1928-2021) lived a life of service to his country.  An important part of that service was his participation in a review of intelligence activities by the United States.  Serving with him during than investigation was Walter Dee Huddleston, UK graduate and United States Senator from 1973 to 1985.  For several years Senator Huddleston worked with the University of Kentucky Libraries Wendell H. Ford Public Policy Research Center to bring important programs and speakers to UK.


In September, 2006 the University hosted a panel discussion about United States spy programs entitled, "Who's Watching the Spies?"  The event was sponsored by UK Libraries Ford Center, the UK School of Journalism and the First Amendment Center.  Dr. Tracy Campbell, UK Professor of History and Co-Director of the Ford Center, chaired the panel discussion.  Participating on the panel were Vice-President Mondale, Senator Huddleston, and Fred A.O. Schwarz, former Chief Council of the U.S. Senate Church Committee which investigated United States intelligence practices in the 1970s.

The Kentucky Kernel afterwards editorialized that, "UK students got a rare opportunity to hear about U.S. history told by a group that has shaped it."

The event, held in Memorial Hall and attended by several hundred people, was also broadcast on C-SPAN which you can view here.  Church Committee Report on U.S. Spy Agencies | C-SPAN.org (c-span.org)    

Monday, April 12, 2021

MY AUTOMOBILE SET ME FREE

 

Between the First and Second World Wars, University of Kentucky women (students, alumnae, faculty, and faculty spouses, published poems in Letters, the campus literary magazine and in the Kentucky Kernel.  Many of the poems explored the contradictions in women’s lives, their views toward careers and marriage, and expressions of freedom.

Perhaps more than anything the automobile changed both the perception and the reality of women’s lives during this period.  Cars offered a degree of freedom not previously experienced by women, and they quickly realized and understood the extent of this change.  It also provided women a means of transportation without depending on men or public transportation.  Writing in Letters in the summer of 1930, Louise Good, a member of the University Scribbler's Club and Chair of Literature for the Kentucky Federation of Women’s Clubs, aptly described this sense of freedom for women:

My Automobile

My automobile is a jailor's key
Unlocking my chains and setting me free
Setting me free on the open road
A gypsy song my only goad
With seven-league boots I'm swiftly shod
I'm armed with Mercury's winged rod
I step on the carpet of Bagdad and soar
Far, far away from my prison door.
No pirate, watching his foaming keel,
Feels freer than I, in my automobile.


From Our Rightful Place: Women at the University of Kentucky, 1880-1945 (University Press of Kentucky) 2020

April is National Poetry Month
 



Tuesday, March 30, 2021

REMEMBERING AL SMITH

Many poignant memories have been shared over the past week following the death of Al Smith and deservedly so.  Al meant as much or more to Kentucky as any elected official.  He was the conscience and crusader for many of the progressive changes that the commonwealth desperately needed and still needs.

I first met Al in the 1970s when one of his projects was to fund and expand oral history research in Kentucky, not just at colleges and universities but also through a network of public libraries across Kentucky.  Working with John Ed Pearce they convinced Governor Julian Carroll of the need and back then that was all that was needed to procure state funding.  They established the Kentucky Oral History Commission, the only one in the United States, and over the years the Commission has funded hundreds of oral history projects.

I always felt fortunate to spend time with Al.  We once met for breakfast at a local restaurant for reasons I do not recall.  But I do remember sitting there with Al trying to absorb the rush of ideas and topics he went through seemingly without taking a breath.  As the clock moved from morning towards noon, our server stopped by our booth and asked, “Would you like to see a lunch menu?”  Breakfast and lunch could often bookend a meeting with Al.

When Al and Rudy Abramson decided that the University of Kentucky needed an Institute for Rural Journalism, there was no turning back.  They secured $50,000 in grants to begin planning and establishing the groundwork for the institute.  They then convinced UK President Lee Todd to get behind the effort. 

Al and Rudy recruited the distinguished Appalachian scholar Ron Eller, Journalism professor Roy Moore, and me to manage the grants.  We used the seed money to hold information and listening sessions across a broad swath of Appalachia including Kentucky, Tennessee, West Virginia, and North Carolina.  Not only did Al seek the support of scholars, activists, and civic leaders, he sought to convince them that the institute should be at the University of Kentucky.  Of course, Al and Rudy made the institute a reality, hired Al Cross. and the rest as they say is history.

Al wrote all of his adult life but before he began his two volume memoir I thought he should do a series of oral history interviews about his life and career.  It took some time to convince the seemingly ever moving Al to sit for two hour interview sessions, but he finally acquiesced.  Know far and wide for his ability to talk at length, when I told people I had begun a series of interviews with Al the inevitable refrain was, “Do you ever get to ask a question?”  I always replied, “Yes, I get to ask one question at each interview session.”  Then I would be asked, “Well, how do you choose the question to ask since you only get one per session.  I said, “Oh, it’s always the same question.  Al, can you wait until I turn on the recorder?”

I told that story innumerable times in Al’s presence and he always seemed to enjoy it as much as my audience.  Al was that way.  He was serious about issues and did not hesitate to stand atop a bully pulpit.  But he was also a humble, sincere, kind, and gentle man.  We do not get many like Al Smith and that is why we will miss him so much.  Here is hoping that others will take up his crusades in such a way that Kentucky continues to make progress and that the life and work of Al Smith will be both remembered and honored.

 

Friday, March 26, 2021

A BIG HEART AND A HELPING HAND - FRANCES JEWELL MCVEY

Frances Jewell McVey seemingly tried to look out for everyone.  For example, Clifford Amos arrived on campus from Pike County, Kentucky in the middle of the Great Depression.  A first generation college student, he had grown up in a coal camp and began college at UK with no more than a few dollars in his pocket.  Clifford found a job waiting tables and took on a paper route among various other part-time jobs.  He remembered working up to 75 hours a week as a student just to survive.

Clifford Amos

One November afternoon in 1938, while walking along Limestone Street near the campus, Clifford fainted on the sidewalk, a result of hunger and exhaustion.  Frances Jewell McVey, heard about Clifford’s misfortune and immediately sent word for Clifford to meet with her at Maxwell Place.  After some conversation, McVey offered Clifford a place to live on the second floor of the garage in back of Maxwell Place to save money.  Three other boys already lived there.  Clifford’s only payment for his room was to do a few chores each month. 


Clifford lived in that garage until he graduated.  He told me years later in an interview for the Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History that “Mrs. McVey saved my life.  I was too young to fully appreciate what she had done.  I was just trying to survive.”  Clifford fondly remembered that McVey would often walk out to the garage and ask, “Clifford, have you eaten yet?”  She would then invite him into the Maxwell Place kitchen for a meal.  Clifford admitted, “There I was just a little mountain boy, who didn’t know straight up!  Mrs. McVey always asked me how school was going and if there was anything else she could do to help me.  She was a leader without personal ambition.  She was always there to help those in need and never seemed to be in a hurry.  She was as down to earth as anyone I ever knew.”

From Our Rightful Place: Women at the University of Kentucky, 1880-1945 (University Press of Kentucky) 2020

Also see oral history interview with Clifford Amos, December 5, 1991 in the Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History, UK Libraries (1991oh408_af459).  https://kentuckyoralhistory.org/    



Tuesday, March 16, 2021

A BAND OF OUR OWN

Until World War II the UK band was all-male.  But in the spring of 1927, UK band director Elmer Sulzer casually mentioned to some women students that they should one day have a band of their own.  Without further encouragement, forty-five women students met to form a brass band.  

Reporting this phenomenon in the Kentucky Kernel under the headline "Males Again Retreat," Katherine Best wrote: "Weep, men, at your loss of prestige.  No longer will ye olde brass band (male) strut down the field of honor with roses and hollyhocks strewn in its path; no longer will hats be raised to welcome 'the greatest band in Dixie.'  No!  Its rival has appeared!  And on its own campus, too.  We fear the results!"  

Best added, "The only requirements for membership are a speaking acquaintance with music, and the rather restrictive quality of being a girl!  Therefore, if your momma calls you daughter and you can read music, report to practice Tuesday, state your preference as to instruments, and automatically become a member."

From Our Rightful Place: Women at the University of Kentucky, 1880-1945 (University Press of Kentucky) 2020

Thursday, March 4, 2021

UK's FIRST WOMAN FACULTY MEMBER

 

In December 1901, the college employed Florence Offutt to serve as Assistant Physical Director of the Gymnasium in charge of women's instruction.  Offutt was a cousin of Henry Stites Barker, future president of the University of Kentucky, in whose home she spent a great deal of her youth.  After graduating from Louisville Girls' High School in 1896, Offutt studied physical education for a few months at the University of Chicago before completing a two-year degree in Physical Education at the highly regarded and coeducational New Haven Normal School of Gymnastics.

Florence Offutt

 Offutt recalled that while living in Lexington with her Uncle James and Aunt Ella Offutt Pepper in 1901, she waited for her chance to “uplift” the public with her “specialty” which was new to Kentucky.  She also made note of the recently completed “handsome new gymnasium” at UK that had no woman director of physical education.  Offutt secured a meeting with President Patterson to discuss a possible teaching position.  Patterson told her "courteously but firmly" that "no vacancy existed or would."  However, only six months later at the December 1901, meeting the board voted unanimously to hire Offutt as the Assistant Physical Director of the Gymnasium in charge of women’s instruction at a salary of $800 per year.  Offutt took great pleasure in pointing out that, due to illness, President Patterson missed the meeting at which she was hired, thereby losing the opportunity to argue against her employment. 

 Soon after Offutt’s appointment to the faculty she “happened to see” a letter written by President Patterson to the board harshly criticizing her employment.  But Offutt did not shy from a possible fight and noting that, “she loved his courage,” she went to see Patterson.  She recalled that since she and the president were both Scottish, they each “liked a good fight for something we believe in.”  She eventually won the president's grudging respect and support despite telling him at one point, “I love to think of your being older than my grandfather.”  According to Offutt, the elderly president replied to such remarks "with a lack of enthusiasm."  She also noted that Patterson worried about her first appearance before the faculty senate's "solemn enclaves" since "no weak female" had been there before.  Offutt admitted that she "enjoyed" her "scraps" with the other faculty which were at times "quite colorful, if a little strenuous."  She considered such skirmishes "inspiring in the extreme.." 

Monday, March 1, 2021

LEONORA HOEING - WOMEN'S HISTORY MONTH

 

        

        Four years after women first entered UK, eighteen-year-old Leonora Hoeing became the first woman recognized at commencement when she received her Normal Department certificate.  A newspaper reporter noted that the 1884 ceremony had a "new and extremely pleasant feature to it" in that, "one of the graduates wore a white dress and a blush that was as daintily pink as the inside of a sea-shell from the Indian Ocean.  Yes, one of the graduates was a young lady, and when his Excellency Governor Knott handed her diploma to her he looked as if he wanted to welcome her into the ranks of the wise with just a touch of his gray mustache to her velvet cheek."  Highlighting the greater access that UK offered to white women from the working class, the reporter added that Hoeing was "none of your bilious blue-stockings either…."

        This first generation of women students at UK were the daughters of some of central Kentucky’s most elite families, but most were the daughters of shopkeepers and trades people firmly rooted in an expanding middle class in Kentucky.  For example, Hoeing’s father, Joseph, and mother, Rebecca, both emigrated from Germany.  Joseph worked in Lexington as a silversmith and Rebecca was a hairdresser.  We may never know the multitude of factors that motivated these families to support their daughters’ educations, but we know the role their daughters played as educational pioneers and that their lives were changed.  But to dispel any notion of higher education’s negative impact on women, the correspondent concluded that Hoeing “was a fresh, healthy young woman, with an eye as full and bright as a dove’s, and the head of a Greek Venus on a neck like a lily-stalk” and was “a happy, wholesome, appetizing creature, with an expression of frank good-fellowship about her, well mingled with a becoming and maidenly modesty.”

         Finally addressing Hoeing’s academic accomplishments, the reporter wrote that she “had taken a double course of study this year, but it seemed to have agreed with her.”  He also noted, even though she was awarded a normal certificate and not a Bachelor’s degree “like they did the boys,” her accomplishments are “…all the same though, for she knows as much as the others, has taken the same course, won the first prize in mathematics over every rascal of them, and if she is not a ‘Mistress of Arts’ she is the first woman I ever saw that wasn't.  The boys didn't seem to be envious of her at all, but cheered her every chance they had with hearty good will."


From Our Rightful Place: Women at the University of Kentucky, 1880-1945 (University Press of Kentucky) 2020

 


Thursday, February 18, 2021

ARRESTING COWS?

On November 3, 1889 the local Lexington newspaper reported a problem on the city's south side:

"There comes a complaint from the south side of town in regard to the wholesale arrest of cows that are found on the State College grounds.  It seems the gates leading into the college enclosure are left open and cows stray in to nip the tempting Bluegrass.  As soon as the college authorities see them the police are telephoned for and the poor cows are arrested and locked up.  This entails considerable trouble and expense on the owners of the cows, and at the same time there would be no such arrests if the gates mentioned were kept fastened."


It seems that in addition to his myriad duties of teaching in the academy and overseeing the construction of the first women's dormitory, the UK President's brother, Walter K. Patterson also had to contend with the trespassing cows.

The newspaper reported four days later that:

"Mrs. Caden's cow was permitted by her to trespass on the grounds of the State College, to which Professor W. K. Patterson objected and had Mrs. Caden's cow arrested by Officer Reagan."  

The case against Mrs. Caden and her wandering cow was heard in the local court and after some delay the case was dismissed, no reason given.

James K. Patterson's own cows grazed on the campus in the area where UK began playing football on Stoll Field.  Perhaps that was one reason that President Patterson opposed the establishment of football at his college.

Saturday, January 16, 2021

UK's Celebration of the First National Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday

Through the efforts of State Senator Georgia Davis Powers and Representative Mae Street Kidd in 1974, the Kentucky legislature passed legislation signed into law by Governor Wendell Ford recognizing King Day as a state holiday.

In 1975 Governor Julian Carroll declared the first King Day in Kentucky, but state employees were not given the day off.

President Ronald Reagan signed national legislation in 1983 creating the Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday to go into effect in 1986.  Reagan originally opposed the legislation citing cost concerns.  Initially, several states ignored the holiday and not until 1991 was King Day recognized by all fifty states.

During January, 1986 the University of Kentucky and several community groups held a series of observances honoring the first national celebration of the King Holiday.  Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth spoke Friday, January 17 in the King Library Gallery on "Reflections on the Civil Rights Movement and the Role of Martin Luther King, Jr."  

Chester Grundy, director of the office of minority student affairs said of Shuttlesworth, "We feel really fortunate to have him on campus because he was a very close associate of King...one of his political confidants."  Shuttlesworth, one of the founders of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, had been instrumental in organizing ministers in Birmingham, Alabama after local officials outlawed the NAACP. 

On Sunday, January 19, a march began in front of Memorial Coliseum that included 70 organizations including UK departments, student organizations, and community groups.  An estimated 1,200 people marched in the snow from the Coliseum up Rose Street to Washington Avenue, across to South Limestone and back to the Coliseum.  

At a program following the march in the Coliseum, Lexington Mayor Scotty Baesler read a proclamation naming January 19 Martin Luther King, Jr. Day in Fayette County.  UK's Vice-Chancellor for Minority Affairs William C. Parker told the audience, that Dr. King "never stopped pursuing his ideas and never gave up on people--even his enemies."

For more UK history visit:  https://exploreuk.uky.edu/    





Monday, December 7, 2020

Pearl Harbor and Beyond

In a report to the UK Board of Trustees at its May 29, 1942 meeting, President Herman Lee Donovan made it painfully clear the significant impact that Pearl Harbor and World War II was already having on the University of Kentucky.

---------------------------------------------

UNIVERSITY'S MEN IN SERVICE

Thousands of our former students and graduates are in the various armed forces of the United States fighting for democracy.  Hundreds of them are officers in the United States Army, having received their training in the R.O.T.C.  The University is represented on the battlefields of the world.  Among our graduates are men in the Philippines, Australia, India, Egypt, Russia, Iceland, Ireland, and many other of the outposts of civilization.  The University already had its dead, its captured, its missing and its wounded.  It also had its heroes in this titanic struggle for freedom.  

We do not know all of those who have thus far given their lives for their country, but among its dead are two local boys who were graduated from the University but recently.  They are Lieutenant Harry E. Bullock, Jr., son of Mr. and Mrs. Harry E. Bullock of Lexington, and Lieutenant John R. Evan, Jr., son-in-law of Mr. and Mrs. Louis Hillenmeyer of the Georgetown Pike.

Lieutenant Albert W. Moffett of the United States Marine Corps is reported among the missing.  He may be a prisoner of war.  He was graduated from the University in 1939 and has been fighting in the Philippines.

Captain Tom Spickard, of Princeton, Kentucky, has been decorated for gallantry.  He destroyed two Japanese machine gun nests, and when his company found that it had been encircled by the Japanese in the Philippines, he led his men through a mountain pass over terrain very difficult to negotiate and traveled seventy-five miles in thirty hours without food for his men in order to join the main body of troops.  Captain Spickard is among those who are missing or captured.  He was either at Bataan or Corregidor when last hear of.

Ensign Bailey Price, of Madisonville, of the United States Navy, was killed during the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7.  He attended the University of Kentucky before entering the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis.

This list could be extended to great length if we had complete information regarding the former students and graduates of the University who are now active in the service of their country.

Known UK men serving in the military as of May, 1942:

Students:  363          Alumni:  507          Faculty:  55

---------------------------------------------------

World War II would not end for another three and a half years.  By then, over 300,000 Kentuckians saw military service, many of them UK students, alumni, and faculty.  Over time, UK Registrar Ezra L. Gillis compiled a list of 9,265 Kentuckians who died in World War II.  That list was later used to place the names of those Kentuckians on the walls of Memorial Coliseum which opened in 1950.


Friday, December 4, 2020

LADY BIRD JOHNSON

Lady Bird Johnson, known for her steadfast support of Lyndon Johnson, her business acumen, and her political skills, was recently featured on the CNN series, America's First Ladies. 

Kentucky Senator Earle C. Clements and his family were very close friends with the Johnson family and socialized together often.  Senator Clements served as Minority Whip when Senator Johnson was Majority Leader of the Senate.  When Lady Bird Johnson became First Lady, she chose the Clements' daughter, Bess Clements Abell, to serve as White House Social Secretary.

(L-R) Bess Clements Abell, Lady Bird Johnson, Tyler Abell,
Lyndon Abell, Dan Abell, and President Lyndon Johnson

When UK Libraries held the dedication ceremony of the Earle C. Clements Collection in 1978, Lady Bird Johnson offered the major address and spent the evening at Maxwell Place with Otis and Gloria Singletary.  Dr. Singletary served as the first Director of the Jobs Corps in the Johnson Administration and had taught at the University of Texas several years before coming to Kentucky.

I interviewed Lady Bird Johnson in 1976 at the Johnson Library in Austin, Texas for our Earle C. Clements Oral History Collection.  Below is an edited version of what Mrs. Johnson had to share that day.

JOHNSON: Lyndon relied on him [Clements] for solid judgment. Senator Clements was a man who just commanded respect and also liking in the Senate and he and Lyndon made a great team I think. He could appeal to members of the Senate that might be turned off by Lyndon sometimes.  He was a very solid man of wisdom and sage good judgment and Lyndon had great affection for him. They just worked together beautifully. 

When Lyndon had a heart attack in July of '55 it was touch and go. Well, first we didn't know whether he was going to live. Second we didn't know when or whether he would be coming back to the job of Majority Leader which was a terribly demanding job. But one of the first visitors that he began to insist on seeing and just deviling the doctors until they let him see him was Senator Clements who then began to come to the hospital giving Lyndon little resumes of the day or the week in the Senate and who was doing what and how certain programs and bills were faring. Then they would talk about what they could do to make them run better and how they could get the troops lined up better. That went on almost daily, I expect as soon as Lyndon could see visitors. He was in the hospital in Bethesda for six weeks.  I expect that Senator Clements began coming perhaps after the first week or ten days.

BIRDWHISTELL:  Did you feel that their personalities were similar or did their differences complement each other?

JOHNSON: No I did not think they were similar, I thought they complemented each other. Lyndon was more of a driver, more insistent and Senator Clements was more smooth and quiet and diplomatic. Between them they could handle many of the elements of that very diverse body, the Senate.

BIRDWHISTELL:  Was Mr. Johnson generally pleased with Senator Clements' performance?

JOHNSON: You bet he was. He admired him and had respect. They were a good team.

BIRDWHISTELL: Senator Clements has been described by some as a very secretive man and one newspaper article stated that he didn't even like to inform his staff of his whereabouts when he was traveling. Did you find Mr. Clements to be secretive?

JOHNSON: No I didn't. He didn't go around shooting off his mouth all the time (laughter) and he didn't just love to make speeches like some people do but where it was wise, sensible, and desirable to talk, he talked.  I think he was a cautious man.

BIRDWHISTELL:  Senator Clements became involved in Senator Johnson's presidential campaign in 1959 and 1960. Were you around him quite a bit during this time to see his involvement in the campaign?

JOHNSON: Let's see, we went down to Morganfield in 1960, in the course of that.  But the things that I remember about it were not the political but just the home and the community. Their home had a collection of furniture, elegant pretty old stuff from the families down through the years and I just loved the feel of their home. It had family stories and taste and beautiful things and it just spoke of a certain way of life.  One feels that one knows people better after you have been in their home. 

It was very evident in the times that we visited him that Senator Clements had the ability to bring together diverse elements in Kentucky for whatever objective. I remember coming back again in '64 when Lyndon was running for the Presidency and there were about five or six former Governors of Kentucky on the stand.  I'm sure that was all Senator Clements' work getting them all there and, believe me, they had been in knock-down, drag-out situations many times.  The press and all the local people, and even they themselves, were probably astonished to discover that they had all accepted to sit almost side by side on the platform. 

BIRDWHISTELL:  Tell me about getting to know Mrs. Clements and Bess.

JOHNSON: Oh, I knew them from at least the early Senate days.  I watched Bess grow up and I was in their home a good many times in Washington, which was a lovely apartment. A sort of a small version of their home in Morganfield. And it was sort of a custom to go there on Sunday and have lunch with them. There was always Kentucky ham and I would have been disappointed if there hadn't been (laughter) and it was absolutely delicious. 

Senator Clements and Lyndon's conversation would pretty soon start off on a business nature and would make good listening in any case. But likely there would be just the four or five of us.  Bess was often out following her own young life. Then when Bess and Tyler married, Lyndon and I had the great pleasure of hosting a party for them and getting to know a lot of their life-long friends.

BIRDWHISTELL: Did Mrs. Clements seem to enjoy being a political wife in Washington?

JOHNSON: I think she enjoyed her husband and her daughter and handled her job competently. I would not say it was something that she sought or it was not particularly her thing. She was just a lovely, kind person. 

I remember one time, I forget just what it was, but I think maybe my daughter, Lynda, had an impacted wisdom tooth.  I was at home helping Lyndon in the campaign, just the sort of thing that I had to do, and I called back and Mrs. Clements took Lynda to the doctor.  She was just so kind to her and tended to her all day long. Another time when Lynda was, I guess, fourteen and another little girl came up from Texas to see her.  Mrs. Clements packed a good picnic lunch and we all went to the beach together. It was her treat and it was very sweet.

BIRDWHISTELL:  Bess Clements Abell became your social secretary in the White House. How did you decide on her as your secretary?


JOHNSON: Oh, gosh, I'm so glad I did. (laughter)  Actually, she had been with me in the Vice- Presidency. So she came with me in January of '61 and was with me in those two years and nine months thereabouts. And I think perhaps it was partly Lyndon and Liz Carpenter may have had a few words to say about it. It just seemed to be a good thing to do because she had the right blend of quiet competence and aggressive persistence and creative talents too, the last in marked degree.


BIRDWHISTELL: Did Bess resemble her father in style and manner?

JOHNSON: To some extent I would say yes. She did because she could always get me to do a lot of work (laughter) and yet she went about it very quietly and calmly.  She could take no for an answer but not without making several other attempts to get yes!

It seems I've talked mostly about work and that was the constant pattern of their lives. Both Lyndon and Senator Clements. But I might say just one or two other things. Senator Clements did have fun and did take us with him sometimes to have fun. Specifically, he liked to go out and watch the harness races at Rosecroft.  Every now and then, say two or three nights during the summer, he would take us out to Rosecroft where we would order dinner and then watch the harness races.  There would always be some other members of the Senate and House or the administration sitting close around.

BIRDWHISTELL: Was he very good at picking the horses?

JOHNSON: (laughter) He enjoyed trying. And I had the feeling that his Kentucky raising went with him through life, which I consider a very good thing. I think it's sad when people come to Washington and leave their roots at home.  Indeed he didn't. He kept the flavor of his region and to me in a very attractive way. He really belonged to Kentucky.

Lady Bird Johnson was interviewed October 19, 1976, for the Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History.  Her interview, and other interviews in the Clements Collection, can be found at https://kentuckyoralhistory.org.    



           










Friday, November 27, 2020

LYDIA ROBERTS FISCHER: TEACHING FOR THE DURATION

 


During World War II the University of Kentucky began hiring women faculty for the duration of the war.  Lydia Roberts Fischer became one of the first women hired. 

Lydia Roberts, 1928

A Lexington native, her parents owned the L.L. Roberts Furniture Company in a building that is now part of “The Square” in downtown Lexington.  Fischer graduated from UK in 1929 with a degree in mathematics.  While in college she became a member of the Phi Beta Kappa, Mortar Board, Theta Sigma Phi (journalism honorary), Pi Mu Epsilon (mathematics honorary), and Kappa Delta sorority.

Following graduation Fischer began working towards a M.A. in mathematics.  Upon learning of her plans to marry while still in graduate school, professors in the mathematics department told Fischer, "Well, that [marriage] does you in.  You won't get your master’s."  Fischer responded without hesitation, "Oh, I think I shall!" - and she did in 1931.  Still, Fischer had no plans for a career other than "housewife and mother" until she divorced her husband in 1937.  As a mother of two small children she knew she must do something "to earn a living" and enrolled in education classes at the university.  

Securing a position teaching math at Lexington's Morton Junior High School, Fischer soon learned that she did not enjoy teaching junior high students and approached UK Dean of Arts and Science Paul Boyd about the possibility of teaching at UK.  Boyd offered her a position teaching math classes.  For the next several years Fischer taught "regular student" mathematics classes during the war while the men faculty in the department taught the A.S.T.P. [Army Specialized Training Program] classes. 

Fischer told me that she never felt discriminated against by the male faculty and administrators until one day she learned that men hired to do the same work as she in mathematics made $250 a month as compared to her $150.  She immediately went to see Dean Boyd and asked about the discrepancy in the salaries.  Boyd responded, "Well, I thought you were just teaching for the love of it anyway."  Fisher replied sarcastically, "the money does help a little bit!"  Following her conversation with the dean, Fischer's salary increased to $250 a month, the same as the men.

Lydia Roberts Fischer, 1968

After the war Fischer began teaching math at Lexington's Lafayette High School where she became recognized as one of the schools outstanding teachers.

Lydia Roberts Fischer was interviewed October 16 and 26, 1989, for the Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History.  The interviews can be found at https://kentuckyoralhistory.org. 

 


Additional information about the history of women students, faculty, and staff can be found in the recently published, Our Rightful Place: A History of Women at the University of Kentucky, 1880-1945.

https://www.kentuckypress.com/9780813179377/our-rightful-place/   























Saturday, October 31, 2020

OTIS SINGLETARY REFLECTING ON HIS GULFPORT CHILDHOOD

President Otis A. Singletary, born 99 years ago today, served as UK President from 1969 to 1987.  Between his leaving the presidency and his death in 2003, I had the good fortune to conduct nearly 100 hours of interviews with President Singletary about his life and career. 


I have always been intrigued by the childhood influences on leaders.  In our first interview in 1987, President Singletary talked about his childhood in Gulfport, Mississippi.  After his parents divorced, he recalled fondly living with his maternal grandparents, John “Scottie” and Annie Jones Walker at 2010 23rd Avenue.  In addition, his grandmother’s father, John Z. Jones also came to live with them.  Both men had a tremendous influence on young Otis.

Great-grandfather Jones, whom Singletary called “Dadda” was a Welchman who had spent much of his life at sea and immigrated to the United States in 1900. 

I remember my grandmother told us Dadda would be coming to live with us.  He just appeared all of a sudden one day.  He got out of a taxi cab and he had a sea chest and a sea bag and was dressed in his navy blue double-breasted blazer with the gold buttons and his cap.  That old rascal was a remarkable physical specimen and a great figure of a man.

He was the first honest-to-God character that I ever met up close.  They built a little house for him out back.  Not unlike a lot of Welshmen, he was very, very pious in his church observances.  He got a heavy dose of religion and had been to sea all those years, so I guess he was catching up on going to church. 

Dadda used to dress up on Sunday. He had an old cane and he would stride, not walk.  He had flowing golden-colored hair that was turning white that hung down from that captain’s cap and a full white mustache.  He cut a magnificent figure.  He was something special.

We had fireplaces throughout the house and we chopped our own wood.  We had a big chopping block out in the back yard and we would take an ax and split those logs and cord the wood.  I remember when Dadda was in his eighties he would strip down to his waist, take that ax, and fling that thing.  He could still split more wood in an hour than I could in a week. 

Dadda was a very different kind of person and I would beg him to tell me stories. He loved to talk about his time at sea.  He had a special feel for the sea and he enjoyed talking about the storms, the cold, and the beautiful tropical seas.  He had been in all of them.  He had been all over the world.  I am sure he embellished those stories, but they were really great. 

I remember one year for Christmas I got the Book of Knowledge which contained beautiful color pictures which left such an impression on me.  I would find a particularly interesting picture and I would ask Dadda, “Did you ever see this?”  I'm sure a lot of it he had never seen, but he would make you believe he had seen it.  He would tell me all about what was in the picture.  Maybe he had seen it, who knows?

Great-grandfather Dadda died in 1932 but left with young Otis a love of the sea.  Singletary would spend a year at sea during his college years working on an oil tanker and later served in the Navy during World War II. 

Grandfather, John “Scottie” Walker, had the most influence on President Singletary’s early life.  After emigrating from Scotland to Gulfport in 1888 he worked as a stevedore at the Gulfport docks.  

 

My grandfather, John “Scottie” Walker was born in Scotland and ran away from home and came to this country when he was a young man. His father was in the shipbuilding business back in Scotland and so he found a port city over here.  I don't know how he found the Mississippi Gulf Coast, but he did. 

 

John "Scottie" Walker

Scottie was a diminutive little man and just as neat as a pin.  He always wore a black suit and vest and a white shirt with a little black bow tie and he had that little black hat with the little four indentations.  He was a folk figure and everybody knew him. He was a representative for Waterman Steamship Lines.  He was my tie to that whole maritime complex in Gulfport.

I remember he had a green thumb and grew some of the finest pecan trees.  He also had pear trees and he even had some of the huge orange Japanese persimmon trees.  He liked to do things like that.

 Scottie smoked a pipe all the time and he had a great trick.  When he had finished his can of Prince Albert he would always put a nickel or a dime in it and place it somewhere around the house where I might find it.  Also, every single day that he came home from work he stopped by the little drugstore in town and bought some milk chocolate candy for me.  I would see him coming down the street and boy I’d go after him and start reaching in his pockets because I knew he had something good.  I can still see those little white bags of candy.

We would sometimes play hooky from school and ride our bikes down to the pier if we knew there was a Chinese or Japanese ship or something exotic like that in port.  And he would take us on board and let us watch them unload the cargo or load it, whatever they were doing.  He knew all those people on those ships as they came and went.  I remember him taking us into the galley on one of those old Chinese vessels and having the cook fix us up all that fancy food.  That was a big treat for me.  He would always scold us for cutting school and then he never would tell on us.

He was just a thoughtful, nice man.  Because of my mother and father's divorce, my grandfather was the relevant male in my life early on. He was a gentleman.

 

I did love that wonderful, little old man.  He encouraged me a lot in the boyish games.  He had a theory that games were good for boys and he wanted me to do some of all of them.  He was a great baseball fan and we would listen to football and baseball on his Atwater Kent radio. 

 

He once said to me that he thought that reading books would give you a certain kind of thing, and that working would do a certain kind of thing, and that playing games would do a certain kind of thing for you.  That each gave you something that was very different and I think he was right. 

 

I went out for the boxing team even though I was a little small then.  I won my first boxing match and I wanted to tell him because I knew how proud he would be.  He had died during my match.  So that's kind of curious.  His influence on me is very strong, very strong.  Of all the people in my childhood he was probably the most influential person in a number of ways.

John “Scottie” Walker’s death in 1938 was a huge personal loss for President Singletary.  Nevertheless, he cherished the memories of his grandfather for the rest of his life.