Monday, December 7, 2020

Pearl Harbor and Beyond

In a report to the UK Board of Trustees at its May 29, 1942 meeting, President Herman Lee Donovan made it painfully clear the significant impact that Pearl Harbor and World War II was already having on the University of Kentucky.

---------------------------------------------

UNIVERSITY'S MEN IN SERVICE

Thousands of our former students and graduates are in the various armed forces of the United States fighting for democracy.  Hundreds of them are officers in the United States Army, having received their training in the R.O.T.C.  The University is represented on the battlefields of the world.  Among our graduates are men in the Philippines, Australia, India, Egypt, Russia, Iceland, Ireland, and many other of the outposts of civilization.  The University already had its dead, its captured, its missing and its wounded.  It also had its heroes in this titanic struggle for freedom.  

We do not know all of those who have thus far given their lives for their country, but among its dead are two local boys who were graduated from the University but recently.  They are Lieutenant Harry E. Bullock, Jr., son of Mr. and Mrs. Harry E. Bullock of Lexington, and Lieutenant John R. Evan, Jr., son-in-law of Mr. and Mrs. Louis Hillenmeyer of the Georgetown Pike.

Lieutenant Albert W. Moffett of the United States Marine Corps is reported among the missing.  He may be a prisoner of war.  He was graduated from the University in 1939 and has been fighting in the Philippines.

Captain Tom Spickard, of Princeton, Kentucky, has been decorated for gallantry.  He destroyed two Japanese machine gun nests, and when his company found that it had been encircled by the Japanese in the Philippines, he led his men through a mountain pass over terrain very difficult to negotiate and traveled seventy-five miles in thirty hours without food for his men in order to join the main body of troops.  Captain Spickard is among those who are missing or captured.  He was either at Bataan or Corregidor when last hear of.

Ensign Bailey Price, of Madisonville, of the United States Navy, was killed during the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7.  He attended the University of Kentucky before entering the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis.

This list could be extended to great length if we had complete information regarding the former students and graduates of the University who are now active in the service of their country.

Known UK men serving in the military as of May, 1942:

Students:  363          Alumni:  507          Faculty:  55

---------------------------------------------------

World War II would not end for another three and a half years.  By then, over 300,000 Kentuckians saw military service, many of them UK students, alumni, and faculty.  Over time, UK Registrar Ezra L. Gillis compiled a list of 9,265 Kentuckians who died in World War II.  That list was later used to place the names of those Kentuckians on the walls of Memorial Coliseum which opened in 1950.


Friday, December 4, 2020

LADY BIRD JOHNSON

Lady Bird Johnson, known for her steadfast support of Lyndon Johnson, her business acumen, and her political skills, was recently featured on the CNN series, America's First Ladies. 

Kentucky Senator Earle C. Clements and his family were very close friends with the Johnson family and socialized together often.  Senator Clements served as Minority Whip when Senator Johnson was Majority Leader of the Senate.  When Lady Bird Johnson became First Lady, she chose the Clements' daughter, Bess Clements Abell, to serve as White House Social Secretary.

(L-R) Bess Clements Abell, Lady Bird Johnson, Tyler Abell,
Lyndon Abell, Dan Abell, and President Lyndon Johnson

When UK Libraries held the dedication ceremony of the Earle C. Clements Collection in 1978, Lady Bird Johnson offered the major address and spent the evening at Maxwell Place with Otis and Gloria Singletary.  Dr. Singletary served as the first Director of the Jobs Corps in the Johnson Administration and had taught at the University of Texas several years before coming to Kentucky.

I interviewed Lady Bird Johnson in 1976 at the Johnson Library in Austin, Texas for our Earle C. Clements Oral History Collection.  Below is an edited version of what Mrs. Johnson had to share that day.

JOHNSON: Lyndon relied on him [Clements] for solid judgment. Senator Clements was a man who just commanded respect and also liking in the Senate and he and Lyndon made a great team I think. He could appeal to members of the Senate that might be turned off by Lyndon sometimes.  He was a very solid man of wisdom and sage good judgment and Lyndon had great affection for him. They just worked together beautifully. 

When Lyndon had a heart attack in July of '55 it was touch and go. Well, first we didn't know whether he was going to live. Second we didn't know when or whether he would be coming back to the job of Majority Leader which was a terribly demanding job. But one of the first visitors that he began to insist on seeing and just deviling the doctors until they let him see him was Senator Clements who then began to come to the hospital giving Lyndon little resumes of the day or the week in the Senate and who was doing what and how certain programs and bills were faring. Then they would talk about what they could do to make them run better and how they could get the troops lined up better. That went on almost daily, I expect as soon as Lyndon could see visitors. He was in the hospital in Bethesda for six weeks.  I expect that Senator Clements began coming perhaps after the first week or ten days.

BIRDWHISTELL:  Did you feel that their personalities were similar or did their differences complement each other?

JOHNSON: No I did not think they were similar, I thought they complemented each other. Lyndon was more of a driver, more insistent and Senator Clements was more smooth and quiet and diplomatic. Between them they could handle many of the elements of that very diverse body, the Senate.

BIRDWHISTELL:  Was Mr. Johnson generally pleased with Senator Clements' performance?

JOHNSON: You bet he was. He admired him and had respect. They were a good team.

BIRDWHISTELL: Senator Clements has been described by some as a very secretive man and one newspaper article stated that he didn't even like to inform his staff of his whereabouts when he was traveling. Did you find Mr. Clements to be secretive?

JOHNSON: No I didn't. He didn't go around shooting off his mouth all the time (laughter) and he didn't just love to make speeches like some people do but where it was wise, sensible, and desirable to talk, he talked.  I think he was a cautious man.

BIRDWHISTELL:  Senator Clements became involved in Senator Johnson's presidential campaign in 1959 and 1960. Were you around him quite a bit during this time to see his involvement in the campaign?

JOHNSON: Let's see, we went down to Morganfield in 1960, in the course of that.  But the things that I remember about it were not the political but just the home and the community. Their home had a collection of furniture, elegant pretty old stuff from the families down through the years and I just loved the feel of their home. It had family stories and taste and beautiful things and it just spoke of a certain way of life.  One feels that one knows people better after you have been in their home. 

It was very evident in the times that we visited him that Senator Clements had the ability to bring together diverse elements in Kentucky for whatever objective. I remember coming back again in '64 when Lyndon was running for the Presidency and there were about five or six former Governors of Kentucky on the stand.  I'm sure that was all Senator Clements' work getting them all there and, believe me, they had been in knock-down, drag-out situations many times.  The press and all the local people, and even they themselves, were probably astonished to discover that they had all accepted to sit almost side by side on the platform. 

BIRDWHISTELL:  Tell me about getting to know Mrs. Clements and Bess.

JOHNSON: Oh, I knew them from at least the early Senate days.  I watched Bess grow up and I was in their home a good many times in Washington, which was a lovely apartment. A sort of a small version of their home in Morganfield. And it was sort of a custom to go there on Sunday and have lunch with them. There was always Kentucky ham and I would have been disappointed if there hadn't been (laughter) and it was absolutely delicious. 

Senator Clements and Lyndon's conversation would pretty soon start off on a business nature and would make good listening in any case. But likely there would be just the four or five of us.  Bess was often out following her own young life. Then when Bess and Tyler married, Lyndon and I had the great pleasure of hosting a party for them and getting to know a lot of their life-long friends.

BIRDWHISTELL: Did Mrs. Clements seem to enjoy being a political wife in Washington?

JOHNSON: I think she enjoyed her husband and her daughter and handled her job competently. I would not say it was something that she sought or it was not particularly her thing. She was just a lovely, kind person. 

I remember one time, I forget just what it was, but I think maybe my daughter, Lynda, had an impacted wisdom tooth.  I was at home helping Lyndon in the campaign, just the sort of thing that I had to do, and I called back and Mrs. Clements took Lynda to the doctor.  She was just so kind to her and tended to her all day long. Another time when Lynda was, I guess, fourteen and another little girl came up from Texas to see her.  Mrs. Clements packed a good picnic lunch and we all went to the beach together. It was her treat and it was very sweet.

BIRDWHISTELL:  Bess Clements Abell became your social secretary in the White House. How did you decide on her as your secretary?


JOHNSON: Oh, gosh, I'm so glad I did. (laughter)  Actually, she had been with me in the Vice- Presidency. So she came with me in January of '61 and was with me in those two years and nine months thereabouts. And I think perhaps it was partly Lyndon and Liz Carpenter may have had a few words to say about it. It just seemed to be a good thing to do because she had the right blend of quiet competence and aggressive persistence and creative talents too, the last in marked degree.


BIRDWHISTELL: Did Bess resemble her father in style and manner?

JOHNSON: To some extent I would say yes. She did because she could always get me to do a lot of work (laughter) and yet she went about it very quietly and calmly.  She could take no for an answer but not without making several other attempts to get yes!

It seems I've talked mostly about work and that was the constant pattern of their lives. Both Lyndon and Senator Clements. But I might say just one or two other things. Senator Clements did have fun and did take us with him sometimes to have fun. Specifically, he liked to go out and watch the harness races at Rosecroft.  Every now and then, say two or three nights during the summer, he would take us out to Rosecroft where we would order dinner and then watch the harness races.  There would always be some other members of the Senate and House or the administration sitting close around.

BIRDWHISTELL: Was he very good at picking the horses?

JOHNSON: (laughter) He enjoyed trying. And I had the feeling that his Kentucky raising went with him through life, which I consider a very good thing. I think it's sad when people come to Washington and leave their roots at home.  Indeed he didn't. He kept the flavor of his region and to me in a very attractive way. He really belonged to Kentucky.

Lady Bird Johnson was interviewed October 19, 1976, for the Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History.  Her interview, and other interviews in the Clements Collection, can be found at https://kentuckyoralhistory.org.    



           










Friday, November 27, 2020

LYDIA ROBERTS FISCHER: TEACHING FOR THE DURATION

 


During World War II the University of Kentucky began hiring women faculty for the duration of the war.  Lydia Roberts Fischer became one of the first women hired. 

Lydia Roberts, 1928

A Lexington native, her parents owned the L.L. Roberts Furniture Company in a building that is now part of “The Square” in downtown Lexington.  Fischer graduated from UK in 1929 with a degree in mathematics.  While in college she became a member of the Phi Beta Kappa, Mortar Board, Theta Sigma Phi (journalism honorary), Pi Mu Epsilon (mathematics honorary), and Kappa Delta sorority.

Following graduation Fischer began working towards a M.A. in mathematics.  Upon learning of her plans to marry while still in graduate school, professors in the mathematics department told Fischer, "Well, that [marriage] does you in.  You won't get your master’s."  Fischer responded without hesitation, "Oh, I think I shall!" - and she did in 1931.  Still, Fischer had no plans for a career other than "housewife and mother" until she divorced her husband in 1937.  As a mother of two small children she knew she must do something "to earn a living" and enrolled in education classes at the university.  

Securing a position teaching math at Lexington's Morton Junior High School, Fischer soon learned that she did not enjoy teaching junior high students and approached UK Dean of Arts and Science Paul Boyd about the possibility of teaching at UK.  Boyd offered her a position teaching math classes.  For the next several years Fischer taught "regular student" mathematics classes during the war while the men faculty in the department taught the A.S.T.P. [Army Specialized Training Program] classes. 

Fischer told me that she never felt discriminated against by the male faculty and administrators until one day she learned that men hired to do the same work as she in mathematics made $250 a month as compared to her $150.  She immediately went to see Dean Boyd and asked about the discrepancy in the salaries.  Boyd responded, "Well, I thought you were just teaching for the love of it anyway."  Fisher replied sarcastically, "the money does help a little bit!"  Following her conversation with the dean, Fischer's salary increased to $250 a month, the same as the men.

Lydia Roberts Fischer, 1968

After the war Fischer began teaching math at Lexington's Lafayette High School where she became recognized as one of the schools outstanding teachers.

Lydia Roberts Fischer was interviewed October 16 and 26, 1989, for the Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History.  The interviews can be found at https://kentuckyoralhistory.org

 


Additional information about the history of women students, faculty, and staff can be found in the recently published, Our Rightful Place: A History of Women at the University of Kentucky, 1880-1945.

https://www.kentuckypress.com/9780813179377/our-rightful-place/   























Saturday, October 31, 2020

OTIS SINGLETARY REFLECTING ON HIS GULFPORT CHILDHOOD

President Otis A. Singletary, born 99 years ago today, served as UK President from 1969 to 1987.  Between his leaving the presidency and his death in 2003, I had the good fortune to conduct nearly 100 hours of interviews with President Singletary about his life and career. 


I have always been intrigued by the childhood influences on leaders.  In our first interview in 1987, President Singletary talked about his childhood in Gulfport, Mississippi.  After his parents divorced, he recalled fondly living with his maternal grandparents, John “Scottie” and Annie Jones Walker at 2010 23rd Avenue.  In addition, his grandmother’s father, John Z. Jones also came to live with them.  Both men had a tremendous influence on young Otis.

Great-grandfather Jones, whom Singletary called “Dadda” was a Welchman who had spent much of his life at sea and immigrated to the United States in 1900. 

I remember my grandmother told us Dadda would be coming to live with us.  He just appeared all of a sudden one day.  He got out of a taxi cab and he had a sea chest and a sea bag and was dressed in his navy blue double-breasted blazer with the gold buttons and his cap.  That old rascal was a remarkable physical specimen and a great figure of a man.

He was the first honest-to-God character that I ever met up close.  They built a little house for him out back.  Not unlike a lot of Welshmen, he was very, very pious in his church observances.  He got a heavy dose of religion and had been to sea all those years, so I guess he was catching up on going to church. 

Dadda used to dress up on Sunday. He had an old cane and he would stride, not walk.  He had flowing golden-colored hair that was turning white that hung down from that captain’s cap and a full white mustache.  He cut a magnificent figure.  He was something special.

We had fireplaces throughout the house and we chopped our own wood.  We had a big chopping block out in the back yard and we would take an ax and split those logs and cord the wood.  I remember when Dadda was in his eighties he would strip down to his waist, take that ax, and fling that thing.  He could still split more wood in an hour than I could in a week. 

Dadda was a very different kind of person and I would beg him to tell me stories. He loved to talk about his time at sea.  He had a special feel for the sea and he enjoyed talking about the storms, the cold, and the beautiful tropical seas.  He had been in all of them.  He had been all over the world.  I am sure he embellished those stories, but they were really great. 

I remember one year for Christmas I got the Book of Knowledge which contained beautiful color pictures which left such an impression on me.  I would find a particularly interesting picture and I would ask Dadda, “Did you ever see this?”  I'm sure a lot of it he had never seen, but he would make you believe he had seen it.  He would tell me all about what was in the picture.  Maybe he had seen it, who knows?

Great-grandfather Dadda died in 1932 but left with young Otis a love of the sea.  Singletary would spend a year at sea during his college years working on an oil tanker and later served in the Navy during World War II. 

Grandfather, John “Scottie” Walker, had the most influence on President Singletary’s early life.  After emigrating from Scotland to Gulfport in 1888 he worked as a stevedore at the Gulfport docks.  

 

My grandfather, John “Scottie” Walker was born in Scotland and ran away from home and came to this country when he was a young man. His father was in the shipbuilding business back in Scotland and so he found a port city over here.  I don't know how he found the Mississippi Gulf Coast, but he did. 

 

John "Scottie" Walker

Scottie was a diminutive little man and just as neat as a pin.  He always wore a black suit and vest and a white shirt with a little black bow tie and he had that little black hat with the little four indentations.  He was a folk figure and everybody knew him. He was a representative for Waterman Steamship Lines.  He was my tie to that whole maritime complex in Gulfport.

I remember he had a green thumb and grew some of the finest pecan trees.  He also had pear trees and he even had some of the huge orange Japanese persimmon trees.  He liked to do things like that.

 Scottie smoked a pipe all the time and he had a great trick.  When he had finished his can of Prince Albert he would always put a nickel or a dime in it and place it somewhere around the house where I might find it.  Also, every single day that he came home from work he stopped by the little drugstore in town and bought some milk chocolate candy for me.  I would see him coming down the street and boy I’d go after him and start reaching in his pockets because I knew he had something good.  I can still see those little white bags of candy.

We would sometimes play hooky from school and ride our bikes down to the pier if we knew there was a Chinese or Japanese ship or something exotic like that in port.  And he would take us on board and let us watch them unload the cargo or load it, whatever they were doing.  He knew all those people on those ships as they came and went.  I remember him taking us into the galley on one of those old Chinese vessels and having the cook fix us up all that fancy food.  That was a big treat for me.  He would always scold us for cutting school and then he never would tell on us.

He was just a thoughtful, nice man.  Because of my mother and father's divorce, my grandfather was the relevant male in my life early on. He was a gentleman.

 

I did love that wonderful, little old man.  He encouraged me a lot in the boyish games.  He had a theory that games were good for boys and he wanted me to do some of all of them.  He was a great baseball fan and we would listen to football and baseball on his Atwater Kent radio. 

 

He once said to me that he thought that reading books would give you a certain kind of thing, and that working would do a certain kind of thing, and that playing games would do a certain kind of thing for you.  That each gave you something that was very different and I think he was right. 

 

I went out for the boxing team even though I was a little small then.  I won my first boxing match and I wanted to tell him because I knew how proud he would be.  He had died during my match.  So that's kind of curious.  His influence on me is very strong, very strong.  Of all the people in my childhood he was probably the most influential person in a number of ways.

John “Scottie” Walker’s death in 1938 was a huge personal loss for President Singletary.  Nevertheless, he cherished the memories of his grandfather for the rest of his life.   

 


Friday, October 23, 2020

BESS CLEMENTS ABELL, WASHINGTON'S IRON BUTTERFLY, 1933-2020

 


 

Bess Clements Abell died this month after a lengthy illness at her beloved Merry-Go-Round Farm overlooking the Potomac River outside Washington, D.C.  A native Kentuckian and University of Kentucky graduate, she lived an eventful and impactful life.  

Bess spent part of her childhood in Union County, Kentucky where her father, Earle C. Clements, served in elective offices including County Judge.  She would later spend time in Frankfort and Washington, D.C. as her father first became a State Senator, Member of Congress, Governor, and United States Senator.   Uprooted from her friends and sheltered life, Bess learned to adapt and make the best of it, finding new friends and embracing new experiences wherever she found herself.

Bess came to understand the political landscape of Washington as well as she did because she learned so much from her father. He had extraordinary political knowledge and insight to share, and many stories to tell.  Earle Clements’ long political career enabled his daughter to expand her world beyond the boundaries of her small town. 

Completing high school at a boarding school in Nashville, Bess returned to the Bluegrass to attend the University of Kentucky.  She did well academically majoring in the family business, political science, but had not given much thought where that might lead.  She also immersed herself in an active social life, including joining Kappa Alpha Theta sorority and dating the captain of the football team. She represented Kentucky as the princess to the 1952 Cherry Blossom Festival in Washington. Upon graduation in 1954 Bess became the first person in her immediate family to earn a college degree.

On New Year's Eve, 1955, Bess eloped with Tyler Abell, a young Washington attorney, beginning a wonderful partnership of 64 years.  From the start of their marriage, Bess and Tyler found their lives swept into the orbit of Lyndon and Lady Bird Johnson. They enjoyed close connections thanks to the friendship Bess’ parents had developed with the Johnsons, and to her father’s role as the majority leader’s reliable whip in the Senate. 

Bess began working for Lady Bird Johnson in 1961.  When asked how she came to hire Bess, she responded,  "Oh, gosh, I'm so glad I did! She had the right blend of quiet competence and aggressive persistence, and creative talents too–the last in marked degree."

(L-R) Bess Clements Abell, Lady Bird Johnson, Tyler Abell,
son Lyndon Abell, son Dan Abell, and President Johnson

Bess would become White House Social Secretary when Lyndon Johnson became president in 1963.  President Johnson once called Bess Abell the most efficient person working in his White House. “She should be in the cabinet,” he raved. Had she been born at a later time she might well have achieved that distinction. 

Bess later served as Chief of Staff to Joan Mondale during the Jimmy Carter administration and later established her own business in Washington, Abell Enterprises.


In recent years Bess has given back to her Alma Mater.  She and Tyler created the Earle C. Clements Graduate Assistantship within UK Libraries.  

They subsequently, in cooperation with the National Archives, created the Earle C. Clements Innovation in Education Award presented annually to outstanding Kentucky teachers of history and social studies.  More recently, Bess, Tyler and their family created the Earle C. Clements Memorial Endowment Fund to support UK Libraries' programs in the areas of public policy, government and archival research that preserve and promote the legacy of Earle C. Clements.

Bess and Tyler Abell congratulating Clements Teaching Award recipient,
Lynn Brewer in 2016

It was one of my great pleasures to become friends with Bess and Tyler and their family.  I cannot thank them enough for that friendship and for their generosity to the UK Libraries. Dr. Donald A. Ritchie, Emeritus Historian of the United States Senate, and I have prepared a book manuscript tentatively entitled, "Washington's Iron Butterfly: Bess Clements Abell, An Oral History" which we hope will be published early next year.  

The University of Kentucky has lost a special alumna.





    




Saturday, October 10, 2020

UK HOMECOMING 1961: DEFEAT, FIRE, AND IMPOSTER QUEEN CANDIDATE!


Homecoming in 1961 occurred during the Thanksgiving holiday weekend.  Many UK students went home for the holiday.  For the first time, house decorations were abandoned for floats and decorated cars in the homecoming parade.

A group of Independent male students garnered a lot of attention by nominating Gertrude Sow for homecoming Queen.  David C. Short spoke for the Independents stressing that Miss Sow personified the feelings that many Independents and other UK students had regarding the many queen contests held  on the campus.

Once Gertrude Sow's nomination became public, Tom Harrington, chair of the 1961 Homecoming Committee, quickly announced that no vote totals for homecoming queen would be released including, any votes for Gertrude Sow!  He then stressed that Miss Sow did not come close to winning the Queen contest.

The fire resulted from an issue with Stoll Field.  Two high school football games had been played on Stoll Field in the rain the preceding Thursday damaging the field almost beyond repair.  Workers poured 16,000 gallons of gasoline on the turf and set it ablaze in a desperate attempt to dry the field enough to make it playable.

The homecoming game with Tennessee was played and unfortunately the game resulted in a Volunteer win, 26-16.

Inga Riley, Homecoming Queen, 1961

Twenty-nine coeds competed for the title of 1961 Homecoming Queen.  The honor went to Inga Riley, a first-year English major from Erlanger, nominated by the Men’s Residence Halls. 



Thursday, September 24, 2020

KERNEL'S FIRST WOMAN SPORTS EDITOR

Betty Tevis "interviewing" UK basketball player Bob Brannum,
Louisville Courier-Journal, March 19, 1944

For the first time in university history, a woman, Betty Tevis, served as Kernel sports editor in 1944. The Louisville Courier-Journal featured her in an article as the first woman ever allowed into the men's basketball team dressing room to conduct interviews with the players.  

However, Tevis recalled that the entire article had been staged by the UK Public Relations Office.  She said she went along with it because she did not have “sense enough” to say “No, I’m not going to let you exploit me this way.”  She admitted that she never had access to the men’s dressing room because that was “unthinkable in those times.”  Rather, “they just posed me down there” while “a university photographer took the picture” for the press release.  

Upon learning of the press release Dean Sarah Bennett Holmes called Tevis into her office for a conference.  Holmes did not appreciate the story and the photograph of Tevis in the men's dressing room.  In her own defense Tevis confessed to Holmes that it was not her idea and that she "wouldn't think" of going into the men's dressing room.

Tevis earned an AB in Journalism degree from UK in 1946 and became the first local news editor for Radio Station WLAP in Lexington. Other journalism work took her to WLW in Cincinnati, and then to WINS and WNEW in New York City. She also wrote for Movie Life magazine.  She later married Andrew Eckdahl working in public relations at Berea College, Eastern Kentucky University, and until retirement in 1987 at the University of Kentucky.  She was the sister of novelist Walter Tevis. 

Additional information about the history of women students, faculty, and staff can be found in the recently published, Our Rightful Place: A History of Women at the University of Kentucky, 1880-1945.


Use the code FAU25 for 25% off. 

Friday, September 18, 2020

A CENTURY OF UK HEALTH EFFORTS

During his annual presentation to the UK University Senate this week, President Eli Capilouto, as expected, devoted considerable time to discussing the current Covid-19 pandemic and its impact on the campus.

Exactly one hundred years ago, then UK President Frank L. McVey also had the health of the campus on his mind.  Addressing the UK Board of Trustees at its September, 1920 meeting, McVey reported on the steps he was taking regarding the health and welfare of students, staff, and faculty.

"As previously reported ...we have received a subsidy of $11,100 from the U.S. Department of Hygiene and Public Health.  As head of the new department we have secured the services of Dr. P.K. Holmes of Ohio Wesleyan University.  He had the degree of A.B. and in addition a medical degree from Bowden Medical School.  As assistants we have secured Dr. Ireland from Bowden Medical School and Dr. Eva Locke a practicing physician in New York City.  Miss Tillie Greathouse, who was a nurse with the Barrow Unit in England during the war, has been added to the Department as nurse."

"The Department will be housed in Neville Hall.  There is need of an isolation hospital or isolation rooms for students with contagious diseases.  The city hospitals have no such provisions, but the University has a small infirmary for women.  There is a small two story brick building behind Mechanical Hall, heretofore used as a storage room that could probably be arranged for an isolation ward for men."

Dr. Holmes died four year later after a brief illness leaving a widow and four small children.  His widow, Sarah Bennett Holmes, successfully raised the children and completed her undergraduate degree (1929) and a graduate degree (1939) while working to support her family.  She became Dean of Women following the departure of Sarah Blanding in 1940.  She helped lead UK through the World War II years and advocated tirelessly for equal rights for women students.

Additional information about the history of women students, faculty, and staff can be found in the recently published, Our Rightful Place: A History of Women at the University of Kentucky, 1880-1945.


Use the code FAU25 for 25% off. 

Friday, September 11, 2020

 9/11 REMEMBERED

Like Pearl Harbor and the Kennedy assassination, 9/11 left an indelible mark on the American conscious and memory.  No one alive that day will forget where they were when they first heard the news.

Ironically, I was in the Patterson School of Diplomacy offices with Ambassador Morton Holbrook III, longtime Foreign Service officer and former U.S. consul general in China.  I had interviewed Ambassador Holbrook's father in Owensboro several times about his distinguished legal career and political experiences and I was enjoying the opportunity to meet and spend time with his accomplished son.  

Ambassador Holbrook was talking to a small group of students about careers in the Foreign Service.  Suddenly, a faculty member came into the conference room and asked if he could turn on the television.  I thought it was a very odd request but soon realized what Americans were witnessing on their televisions across the country.  

The United States and the world would never be the same.  Now, 19 years later we pause to remember.


Monday, September 7, 2020

UK WOMEN FACULTY AND THE PUSH FOR ECONOMIC EQUALITY


Frances Jewell

Since women began teaching at the University of Kentucky in the early 20th century, they have pushed for equal pay. Many will suggest, even though there have been great strides over the past twelve decades, that full equality has yet to be achieved.

For example, in 1917 Frances Jewell, an instructor in English, received half the pay of comparable male faculty in her department. This was in spite of her having earned an undergraduate degree from Vassar College and a graduate degree in English from Columbia University.

In 1917, Professor Lehre L. Dantzler, head of the English Department, requested a salary increase for Jewell. Regarding Jewell's $600 salary, Dantzler noted her excellent work and recommended a $250 increase, still $250 less than her male colleague, E. U. Bradley, also an instructor in the department who earned $1,100. In Journalism, Marguerite McLaughlin received only $750 for her work as an instructor. Sarah Marshall Chorn, instructor in Modern Languages, earned $900 while Mabel Hardy Pollitt, instructor in Ancient Languages, earned $800.

Four years later Jewell relinquished her teaching position to marry Frank McVey, president of the university. In her new position she worked tirelessly for the University of Kentucky for the next 25 years, for free.

Additional information about the history of women students, faculty, and staff can be found in the recently published, Our Rightful Place: A History of Women at the University of Kentucky, 1880-1945.


Use the code FAU25 for 25% off. 

Friday, August 28, 2020

AUSTIN LILLY, UK CLASS OF 1919

On a recent Saving Stories segment, WUKY's Alan Lytle and Dr. Doug Boyd, Director of the Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History, featured UK graduate Austin Page Lilly.  https://www.wuky.org/term/saving-stories#stream/0    

Entering UK in 1914, a friend influenced Austin Lilly to major in home economics, one of the fastest growing departments in the university, rather than chemistry.  Still, her new major required that she complete four years of chemistry with the male students.  She recalled that, "Some of us were better students than some of the men in chemistry.  We weren't taking a back seat!"  Austin thought that during her student days women were well on their way to equality within American society.  

Austin Lilly remained single and spent her career teaching at the high school and college level.  When asked on a 1938 Alumni Questionnaire to give the full name of her husband or wife, Lilly wrote in large letters across the page, “neither-nor.”

Wednesday, August 26, 2020

World War II and Women's Equality at UK

 

Students Celebrate the End of World War II

Women's Equality Day, 2020, provides an opportunity to look back at the push for women's equality at the University of Kentucky that has spanned nearly a century and a half.  For example, gains made by women during World War II on the UK campus proved to be mostly temporary.

As the war ended "normalcy" again prevailed at UK.  By the late 1940s the percentage of women pursuing higher education at UK actually dropped in comparison to the men.  The gains women had made in leadership roles on campus were systematically reversed both by specific rulings and by default.  Women faculty members, hired to teach "for the duration," found it necessary to find postwar teaching jobs elsewhere.  

Lydia Roberts Fischer, who had been hired to teach mathematics during the war, knew that without a Ph.D. degree she could not continue permanently.  Single and with two young children, she indicated that obtaining a Ph.D. seemed all but impossible.  After leaving UK and taking substitute teaching positions in local public schools, Fischer subsequently obtained a full-time teaching position at Lafayette High School, where she taught until her retirement.

Little evidence exists that women on campus openly resisted the return to pre-war practices.  Only Dean of Women Sarah Bennett Holmes is on record as vocally opposing the most obvious discrimination.  Overall, little overt protests came from either the students or the faculty.  Thus, UK women once again experienced discriminatory rules regarding social life, uncertain academic potential and prospects, and steep challenges to remaining on the faculty. 

Changes taking place in the first half of the 1940s could have set the stage for fundamental shifts; instead, they existed only "for the duration."  The steps towards equality that occurred during World War II would need to be fought again, and again.


Additional information about the history of women students, faculty, and staff can be found in the recently published, Our Rightful Place: A History of Women at the University of Kentucky, 1880-1945.


Use the code FAU25 for 25% off.